Ergonomics in the Garment Industry

  Ergonomics in the Garment Industry

Xin vui lòng liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ:

https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/

https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01

70 Ergonomics in the Garment Industry

Số trang: 218 trang

Ngôn ngữ: English

-----------------------------------------

Preface

The crucial characteristic of the present time is rapid technological

development, globalization of markets, enterprises that operate without

regional and national boundaries, the diversity of views that must also be

considered in making decisions, the individualization of business partners and

the uncertainty and unpredictability of development, resulting in recent years

in almost all areas in the changes that were not there before. New technologies

and production processes are rapidly changing the familiar forms of work.

Therefore, the work environment must be increasingly adapted to a man in

order to perform a work task successfully without excessive fatigue.

When designing the work environment, it is necessary to align technology

and technologicality of garment production, technique, ergonomics and work

organization in order to obtain optimum work performance. Rational usage

of working capacity of a man is a matter of not only being humane but also

being economical. The value of ergonomics goes beyond health and safety. A

good ergonomics strategy can add value to a company’s business strategy and

ultimately contribute to the business goals of higher profi ts.

The goal of ergonomics is to improve human’s work activity. Ergonomics

deals with the relationship between a man and his work, trying to fi nd a way of

better adapting to a man. Since it has an interdisciplinary character, ergonomics

approaches the work with complexity: psychologically, physiologically,

economically, organizationally, and societally. Today, ergonomics is a

discipline that is evolving in new directions, because it cannot ignore the fact

that the human’s psychological and social constraints, needs and requirements

may also be the limit when using an asset and that they should also be loaded

while designing the technical means or the technical system

Ergonomic disorders are the fastest growing category of all the occupational

illnesses. They include 56% of all diseases. Ergonomic risk refers to the

physical stress factors and workplace conditions that carry a risk of damage

or muscle-bone disorders of the employees. The risk is always present when

the job requirements exceed the ability of workers to perform the task. If the

tasks or movements repeat frequently (e.g. every few seconds), the strain upon

the muscles and tendons can accumulate, which can lead to permanent tissue

FM. damage. Tendons and muscles can often recover from the effects of repetitive

stress if there is enough time to rest between these repetitions. Unfavorable

working postures increase the fatigue of workers and the time of performing

technology operations.

The primary task of the manager should be the optimization of work. This

is achieved by reducing the diffi culty of human activity, which consists of

adapting the physical conditions of work to the psycho-physiological and

biomorphological human properties, as well as fi nding a technological process

that largely suits a man.

I would like to thank Professor Dr. Danijela Paunovic for her professional

support, Professor Sladjana Milojevic for editing, Company NexGen

Ergonomics Inc., Laguna Clothing Company, and Ramax Company.

Contents

1 Ergonomics development 1

1.1 Defi nition of ergonomics

1.2 History of ergonomics 4

1.3 Standards 13

2 Divisions of ergonomics 17

2.1 Categories of ergonomics 17

2.2 Types of ergonomics 47

2.3 Micro-ergonomics and macro-ergonomics 51

3 Ergonomic conditions of work 61

3.1 Physiological conditions 61

3.2 Psycho-sociological conditions 66

3.3 Anthropometric conditions 84

3.4 Ecological conditions 100

4 Ergonomic principles 105

4.1 Ergonomic principles in designing workplace 105

4.2 Ergonomic principles in designing working processes 135

4.3 Ergonomic principles in determining working time 136

4.4 Ergonomic principles in handling material and tools 144

4.5 Ergonomic principles in designing environment 151

5 Ergonomic design of workplace in garment industry 175

5.1 Ergonomics in the storage of textile materials 175

5.2 Ergonomics workplaces in garment manufacture

preparation 177

5.3 Ergonomics in cutting room 183

5.4 Ergonomics in sewing room 188

5.5 Ergonomics in fi nishing room 193

5.6 Ergonomics workplaces in garment warehouse and

distribution 197

5.7 Ergonomics workplaces in the clothing store 199

5.8 Ergonomics maintenance workplaces 200