Reference Books of Textile Technologies Finishing

Reference Books of Textile Technologies Finishing

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Reference Books of Textile Technologies Finishing

Số trang: 253 trang
Ngôn ngữ: English

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this book is to supply the most comprehensive and global insight into textile finishing

processes. Since the subject is exceptionally extensive and complex, this book may appear limited

to the experts working in this sector.

As far as students are concerned, we hope that this book will offer them an essential background, a

basis to be extended by further studies.

Textile finishing usually includes treatments such as scouring, bleaching, dyeing and/or printing,

the final mechanical or chemical finishing operations, that during this stage are carried out on textile

products (staple, sliver or top, yarns or filaments, woven or knitted fabrics) to enhance their basic

characteristics like dye penetration, printability, wettability, colour, hand, and appearance.

By textile finishing, we also mean all the processing operations that, though included in the socalled

finishing stage, are generally applied to the fabrics to improve their appearance, hand and

properties, at times in accordance with their field of application.

The finishing stage plays a fundamental role in the excellency of the commercial results of textiles,

which strictly depend on market requirements that are becoming increasingly stringent and

unpredictable, permitting very short response times for textile manufacturers.

The latest machines on the market used for finishing operations generally offer multi-purpose

applications; the flexibility and versatility features of these machines are uninterruptedly evolving

to grant excellent consistency of results.

Finishing operations can be carried out by means of discontinuous, continuous and semi-continuous

systems.

- Discontinuous or batch-type systems: all the operations are carried out on a single machine; it is

therefore necessary to load the machine, carry out the treatments following a predetermined

cycle, unload the machine and finally wash it thoroughly before starting a new cycle. This

working process is extremely flexible and is suitable for processing small lots: for example, it is

possible to carry out a scouring treatment on a single machine, then a bleaching treatment

followed by a dyeing process. For the production of large lots, the discontinuous process is

labour-intensive, i.e. it requires many operators to load and unload the material; it also entails

long processing times and results that can vary from one batch to the other.

- Continuous systems: the operations are carried out by means of a series of machines; every

machine carries out always and solely the same process. Every machine is assembled according

to specific production requirements. A system like this entails high start-up costs and a complex

setup but, once the system has started, requires a smaller staff and grants excellent repeatability

and high output rates; continuous systems are therefore suitable for manufacturing large lots of

products with the highest cost-efficiency.

- Semi-continuous systems: in these mixed systems, several operations are carried out with both

continuous and discontinuous machines. For example, a continuous pad-batch machine is used to

wet the fabric and a discontinuous system is successively used for other treatments. These mixed

systems are suitable for processing small and medium lots; they require reasonable start-up costs

and grant quite good reproducibility.